The flaw...is that Duncan has written a book titled How Schools Work, and this is not how schools work at all. What Duncan describes is how the education machine in America works ... How schools work is a different storyline. Duncan spends hardly any pages embedded in schools or talking to teachers, principals or students ... We don't learn how the surgical decisions being made at high altitudes end up impacting classrooms in cities like Chicago, Baltimore or Detroit ... we don't learn much about the outcomes of pushing for options beyond traditional schools, such as charters, which Duncan championed when he ran Chicago's school system. And we don't learn how some schools in high-poverty neighborhoods beat such odds...stories that really illustrate how good public schools work in the era of limited resources and vast income inequality ... Duncan, however, does offer a valuable window into Washington education politics.

The book offers a readable recounting of the personal and professional back story that led to Duncan’s priorities as education secretary. It is not, however, likely to change many hearts or minds, let alone transform political foes into friends. Duncan cedes no political ground ... Some of the book’s shortest detours are among the most interesting. For instance, there’s Duncan’s visit to Columbus Elementary in New Mexico, many of whose students live in a nearby Mexican village with their parents ... I would have appreciated more such scenes: taking us inside schools and families confronting ordinary and extraordinary challenges in thoughtful, creative ways. I also wanted more context on the role of education secretary and whether Duncan conceived of the position differently from his predecessors or sought to transform it in a lasting way ... Duncan’s concern for children’s welfare comes through in his writing ... We have too little information about the longer-term effects of K-12 school reforms, at the local or national level, including their track record when it comes to getting kids not only to, but through, college ... There’s a persistent disconnect in How Schools Work between Duncan’s insistence on the importance of data-based reforms in education and his reliance on anecdote to illustrate many of his points.

Political memoirs are rarely tear-jerkers, but Arne Duncan’s look back at his time as secretary of education under Barack Obama may make school reformers want to cry ... As Mr. Duncan’s account makes clear, it would be hard to devise an educational system that is more harmful to racial minorities if we tried. Mr. Duncan offers a lot of trivial solutions at the end of the book that he says could also improve things—universal pre-K programs, more after-school programs, more counselors to prevent gun violence ... For the most part, though, Mr. Duncan does understand 'how schools work.' The tragedy is that he and his boss didn’t have what it takes to make them work better.

In How Schools Work, Duncan traffics in fictions, but with just enough truth to carry along the unsuspecting reader ... The chapter of his book devoted to gun violence and gun control is particularly compelling. But the personal travelogue he recounts, tracing his origins in Chicago through his tenure as the CEO of the Chicago Public Schools and then U.S. Secretary of Education, and into the present day, doesn’t add up to much. Regrets? He’s had a few, but not too many. And even these lack much self-reflection ... Duncan’s story concludes with a chapter that promises much more than it can deliver. Echoing the book’s title, the final chapter, How Schools Work, doesn’t even pretend to tell us that. Rather, it is a call to action, seeking to generate a sense of urgency about American school reform. There’s little connection between the chapter and what precedes it, and the message is muddled.

In this heartfelt memoir and explainer, former secretary of education Arne Duncan recounts his life in education and lays out his ideas about where schools have gone wrong and what they should look like ... He passionately argues that the student, the only person in education systems not getting paid yet the one at risk of losing everything, must come first. Duncan’s experienced perspective will interest anyone invested in American public education.

Don’t let the blandness of the title fool you. The first chapter is titled 'Lies, Lies Everywhere,' and its first sentence is 'Education runs on lies' ... Duncan’s heart is in the right place—he’s for kids and against lies—but the specifics of his analysis remain open to debate.